Chosen Solution
I have a SB600 with new batteries and am using it with Nikon D300s. The flash turns on, shows ready but does not fire. I have tried turning it on/off, turned camera on/off. It just fails to fire.
try pressing the test fire button or shorting the terminals and it should flash (while not connected to your camera). If it does, then you know your flash works, if not try looking into your camera settings.