Chosen Solution

I just replaced my screen via a tutorial on Utube (I had no idea about this site, it’s so much more comprehensive!!!!!), and I have these parts left. The phone won’t power on now, so I’m hoping the only cause of that is these parts not being replaced during the reassembly process. I’ve already identified the gold part as a camera ground? None the less I know where it goes now, so I’ll put it back in tonight after class. As for the rubber part, any ideas?

You are right. The golden part is for the rear camera ground. The rubber part is positioned around the logic board at the flex cables for the LCD and Digitizer. This rubber part is to prevent that the logic board rubs at these flex cables which could damage it. You should just place it between the logic board and the LCD/Digitizer flex cables. It is U shaped so you can snap it on the logic board. Btw. I can’t imagine that this is the reason that the phone would not power up. Probably you have some other flex connector not properly seated (take especially care with the flex cable of the power button which is located under another flex!)